{"id":3405,"date":"2020-01-21T17:45:15","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T14:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/?p=3405"},"modified":"2020-01-21T17:49:12","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T14:49:12","slug":"almanyanin-pkk-karti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/01\/21\/almanyanin-pkk-karti\/","title":{"rendered":"Almanya\u2019n\u0131n PKK Kart\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n PKK Kart\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en ac\u0131 ve en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 olan II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 bitti\u011finde tahmini 55 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Kanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ilk fitilini ate\u015fleyen ba\u015f akt\u00f6r Almanya\u2019n\u0131n 6 milyondan fazla vatanda\u015f\u0131 bu sava\u015fta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lan Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mezarl\u0131\u011fa ve viraneye d\u00f6nen \u015fehirlerini yeniden in\u015fa etmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce \u0130talya\u2019dan al\u0131nan i\u015f\u00e7ilerle gidermeye ba\u015flad\u0131 fakat bu i\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc yetmedi. Sonras\u0131nda Yunanistan ve \u0130spanya ile i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc al\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o d\u00f6nem i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve bu i\u015fsizli\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in aray\u0131\u015fa giren T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f ve bir umut kap\u0131s\u0131 olarak Almanya\u2019y\u0131 tercih etti. 30 Ekim 1961\u2019de ise T\u00fcrkiye ile imzalanan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i M\u00fcbadelesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Almanya\u2019ya ilk T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc resmen ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7i kafilesinin 27 Kas\u0131m 1961\u2019de Almanya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7 ser\u00fcveni zaman i\u00e7erisinde say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artan T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7ileri, Almanya\u2019da en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7i grubu haline geldi. 27 May\u0131s 1960 tarihinde darbe ile demokrasiyi kesintiye u\u011fratanlar bu kez 12 Mart 1971 sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. 12 Mart darbesi sonras\u0131 Almanya\u2019ya siyasi g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesine kadar standart bir g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 ile devam ederken, 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi sonras\u0131ndaki siyasi g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok ciddi oranda artt\u0131. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 daha \u00f6nceleri g\u00fczel bir gelecek kurmak ve gurbet ellerde a\u015f i\u00e7in, ekmek i\u00e7in giden i\u015f\u00e7ileri de etkiledi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de art arda yap\u0131lan darbeler halk aras\u0131nda kutupla\u015fmalara sebep oldu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen devrimci \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri ve siyasi g\u00f6\u00e7menler Almanya\u2019da bir\u00e7ok dernekler kurup yaz\u0131l\u0131 materyal yay\u0131nlarla bunlar\u0131 destekleyerek ciddi bir ivme kazand\u0131lar. Bu geli\u015fmeler e\u015fi\u011finde Almanya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u00a0K\u00fcrtler<\/a>in tarihi 1950\u2019lere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6nce Irak, \u0130ran ve Suriyeli K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclkelerinden siyasi nedenlerle Almanya\u2019ya iltica etmesi ile ba\u015flar, sonras\u0131nda ise 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan K\u00fcrtlerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi ile en \u00fcst seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kar. Darbe ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelenlerin bir \u00f6nceki g\u00f6\u00e7lerden gelenler ile aras\u0131nda ki en b\u00fcy\u00fck fark bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a politize olmu\u015f bir g\u00f6\u00e7men kitlesinden olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f imkanlar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00fccretlerin \u00f6tesinde, Alman yasalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menlere ve siyasi m\u00fcltecilere sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu f\u0131rsatlar Almanya\u2019y\u0131 K\u00fcrt siyasal hareketi i\u00e7in ideal bir destinasyon haline getirdi. 1961\u2019den itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan, 1980\u2019lerden itibaren ise siyasi nedenlerin de etkisiyle artan K\u00fcrt g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc nedeniyle Almanya\u2019da ciddi bir K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu birikti. Her ne kadar 1973 OPEC krizi Almanya\u2019n\u0131n misafir i\u015f\u00e7i politikas\u0131na bir ket vurmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7i bulma b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131 kapatm\u0131\u015fsa da, Almanya\u2019ya K\u00fcrt g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc legal ve illegal yollarla devam etti. 1980 askeri darbesi ard\u0131ndan siyasi ilticada bulunan, politik olarak bilin\u00e7li ve aktif K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ileri Almanya\u2019daki K\u00fcrt hareketini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f ve dinamizm katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ([1]<\/a>) \u0130lk gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler daha \u00e7ok para kazanmak amac\u0131yla geldilerse de 1970\u00b4li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda olu\u015fumuna ba\u015flanan ve 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r’\u0131n Lice il\u00e7esinin Fis K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde kurulu\u015funu ilan eden ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK, 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi sonras\u0131 emir ve e\u011fitim merkezini yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Suriye, Irak, L\u00fcbnan, \u0130ran, Ermenistan olsa da Avrupa\u2019da da taraf toplamak i\u00e7in Almanya ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn en stratejik merkezi haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Almanya\u2019da kurulan bir\u00e7ok dernek ve kurulu\u015f tek bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmak i\u00e7in 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frankfurt\u00b4ta bir kongre yaparak, K\u00fcrdistan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Dernekleri Federasyonu\u2019nu (KOMKAR) kurdu. Almanya\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc politize olmu\u015f K\u00fcrtlerden taraf ya da \u00fcye kazanmak konusunda zorluk \u00e7ekmemi\u015f ve hatta K\u00fcrtler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Almanlar ve di\u011fer etnik kesimlerden destek\u00e7iler de bulmu\u015ftur. Bu desteklerle birlikte Almanya, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK\u2019n\u0131n finans ve insan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temin etti\u011fi en \u00f6nemli \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980’li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde ise PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve ona yak\u0131n veya \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan dernekler faaliyetlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Almanya’daki bu K\u00fcrt varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Almanya, T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00fcrtler \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc birbirine ba\u011flayan basit bir g\u00f6\u00e7 hik\u00e2yesinin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu.\u00a0PKK h\u0131zla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek Almanya i\u00e7inde kampanyalar d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kendi ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 taraftar cephesini geni\u015fletmek \u00fczere Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrt topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan geri durmad\u0131.([2]<\/a>) Siyasal nedenlerle Almanya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden n\u00fcfusun fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise K\u00fcrtlerin bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplara g\u00f6re neden daha fazla politize oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck oranda milliyet\u00e7i saiklerle organize olan bu K\u00fcrt gruplar; T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak ve Suriye\u2019deki devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.([3]<\/a>) Bu gruplar 1980\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Alman politikac\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrk siyasi otoritelere bask\u0131 yapmaya ikna etme konusunda da olduk\u00e7a aktif olmu\u015flard\u0131r. ([4]<\/a>) Almanya \u0130\u00e7 \u0130stihbarat\u0131 Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Dairesi, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda hen\u00fcz PKK\u2019dan bahsetmemekteydi (hatta d\u00f6nemin raporlar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131k bile bulunmamaktad\u0131r). Fakat \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden PKK, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i infaz\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Almanya\u2019n\u0131n radar\u0131na girdi ve ilk kez bu olayla s\u00f6z konusu raporlara d\u00e2hil oldu. Hessen Eyaleti’nin 1984 y\u0131l\u0131 Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Dairesi Raporu \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi Z\u00fclf\u00fc G\u00f6k\u2019\u00fcn yine bir K\u00fcrt taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc konu etmekte ve ayn\u0131 rapor yine \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te de benzeri bir \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7i infaza dikkat \u00e7ekmekteydi. \u00d6te yandan bu raporlarda PKK hen\u00fcz bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmamakta ve defaatle eylemlerinin i\u00e7e\u00a0y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu vurgusu yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu arada 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda PKK, Avrupa\u2019daki kurumsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00a0olarak ilk federasyonunu,\u00a0FEYKA K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131\u00a0kurmu\u015ftu. Almanya\u2019da PKK\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn dernekler\u00a0FEYKA K\u00fcrdistan\u00a0(Almanya K\u00fcrdistan Yurtsever \u0130s\u00e7i ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Birlikleri Federasyonu) \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1985 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde PKK Almanya\u2019da protesto ve mobilizasyon faaliyetlerine yo\u011fun \u015fekilde ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu tarihten itibaren PKK, Almanya \u0130\u00e7 \u0130stihbarat\u0131 Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Dairesi’nin (Bundesverfassungschutz) nihayet y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine girmi\u015f ve daire PKK\u2019y\u0131 izleme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1985 y\u0131l\u0131 Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Dairesi raporlar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in art\u0131k yeni bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece PKK\u2019n\u0131n eylemlerine ve hedeflerine yer verilmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 raporlarda Avrupa genelinde \u0130sve\u00e7, Danimarka, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Fransa’daki eski PKK y\u00f6neticileri ile birlikte PKK\u2019ya muhalif ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan infazlara da yer verilmekteydi. Nihayet 1986 y\u0131l\u0131 Hessen Eyaleti Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Dairesi raporunda PKK\u2019n\u0131n bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011fu zikredilse de, \u00f6rg\u00fct hen\u00fcz bir yasa\u011fa veya m\u00fceyyideye tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131 Hessen eyaleti raporlar\u0131nda ise PKK\u2019n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ter\u00f6rizme varan \u00f6rg\u00fct eylemlerinden\u00a0bahsedilmekteydi. 1988 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise, Irak ordusunun\u00a0Halep\u00e7e<\/a>\u00a0kimyasal sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Almanya\u2019da yine K\u00fcrt gruplar\u0131n eylem ve protestolar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep oldu. 1988\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0i\u00e7 istihbarat raporlar\u0131,\u00a0PKK\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fctleri aras\u0131ndaki liderlik iddias\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0\u015fiddet kullanarak h\u00e2kim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ortodoks-kom\u00fcnist\u00a0ve\u00a0\u201ck\u0131smen ter\u00f6rist\u201d\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yap\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fct oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. 24 Ekim 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Duesseldorf Y\u00fcksek Eyalet Mahkemesi, 2\u2019si kad\u0131n 19 PKK y\u00f6neticisine\u00a0ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma, cinayet, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00a0ve\u00a0adam al\u0131koyma\/ka\u00e7\u0131rma\u00a0gibi su\u00e7lamalardan dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Yarg\u0131lananlar aras\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK\u2019da bu g\u00fcn hala y\u00f6netici konumunda olan Duran Kalkan ve Ali Haydar Kaytan\u2019da bulunuyordu. Duesseldorf Davas\u0131,\u00a0PKK<\/a>\u00a0i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019da bir k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Bu PKK ile ilgili Almanya\u2019daki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck yarg\u0131lamayd\u0131 ve bu dava yine Almanya i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok eylemi de beraberinde getirdi. S\u00f6z konusu davan\u0131n akabinde\u00a0Abdullah \u00d6calan<\/a>,\u00a0Stern\u00a0dergisi ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00f6portajda, duru\u015fma ile ilgili olarak,\u00a0PKK’n\u0131n Almanlara do\u011frudan sald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu tutumu de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi takdirde T\u00fcrkiye’deki Alman kurumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ilece\u011fini\u00a0s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6calan bu r\u00f6portajda,\u00a0\u201cPartinin Avrupa’daki m\u00fccadelesi de ba\u015fka bir boyuta ula\u015fabilir\u201d\u00a0tehdidinde bulundu. \u0130lk defa a\u00e7\u0131ktan Almanya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan bu tehdit, PKK\u2019n\u0131n Almanya\u2019da bir\u00a0ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyallerini vermekteydi. PKK art\u0131k Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 tehditlerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Bitlis<\/a>\u2019in Tatvan il\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde bulunan Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131 Krater G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ne gezi ama\u00e7l\u0131 geden 15 Alman turist PKK taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131konuldu. Turistlerin konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kampa bask\u0131n yapan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131 turistlerden Alman uyruklu olan 15 ki\u015fiyi ay\u0131r\u0131p yanlar\u0131na alarak olay yerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131. 15 turistten 5\u2019i kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131rken, geri kalan 10 turist al\u0131konulduktan 9 g\u00fcn sonra ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. PKK\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 ERNK cephe sorumlusu konuyla ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, bu olay\u0131\u00a0“yerel gerilla unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcnferit bir karar”\u00a0olarak nitelendirmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye seyahat edecek turistlerin, “K\u00fcrdistan Komitesi”nden vize almas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye edecek kadar ileriye gidiyordu. T\u00fcm bu eylemler\u00a0 PKK\u2019n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131\u00a0tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu.([5]<\/a>)<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin PKK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu amans\u0131z operasyonlar neticesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe alan \u00f6rg\u00fct Almanya\u2019da bulunan yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 harek\u00e2ta ge\u00e7irerek T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 lobi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6rg\u00fcte ait dernek, kurulu\u015f ve yanda\u015f medyan\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile Bundestag B\u00fct\u00e7e Komitesi 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lacak askeri yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak bloke etmi\u015ftir. Helmut Kohl h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu silahlar\u0131 kendi halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 NATO Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131\u201d yalan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Mart 1992 tarihinde PKK ile m\u00fccadelenin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde insan haklar\u0131 ihlali gerek\u00e7esiyle T\u00fcrkiye’ye silah satmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. 1993 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyetlerine kulak t\u0131kay\u0131p, g\u00f6z yuman Almanya, PKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin diplomatik temsilciliklerine ve T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerlerine s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi ard\u0131ndan 26 Kas\u0131m 1993 tarihinde PKK ile birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019daki siyasi organizasyonu olan ERNK (K\u00fcrdistan Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi) yasakland\u0131. Al\u0131nan yasaklama karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131 isimlerdeki dernekler veya yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda faaliyetlerini bug\u00fcne denk s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. Almanya PKK\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli finans ve insan kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntemlerle PKK sempatizanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan toplanan milyonlarca avro \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye ve Kandil\u2019deki y\u00f6neticilerine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman i\u00e7 istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (FAKT, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Verfassungsschutz) raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019daki PKK \u00fcyelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 1993\u2019te 7 bin civar\u0131ndayken bu say\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 bin olmu\u015ftur. ([6]<\/a>) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Almanya taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan z\u0131rhl\u0131 personel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer Alman silahlar\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleri 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda medyada yer almaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca benzer bir tart\u0131\u015fma yeniden alevlenmi\u015ftir. ([7]<\/a>) Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar Almanya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 8 Nisan 1994 tarihinde bir kez daha ask\u0131ya almas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.([8]<\/a>) 1995\u2019te Alman resmi makamlar\u0131 ile PKK aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen temaslar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri Berlin senat\u00f6r\u00fc CDU\u2019lu siyaset\u00e7i Heinrich Lummer\u2019in \u015eam\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fct eleba\u015f\u0131 Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonras\u0131 PKK, Almanya\u2019da \u015fiddet eylemlerine son verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. 13 Ocak 1998\u2019de Alman Federal Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun s\u00fcredir ter\u00f6r eyleminde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kategorisinden \u00e7\u0131kararak sadece bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi de PKK\u2019y\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0([9]<\/a>) Bu tan\u0131mlamadan sonra Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yeniden ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. PKK lideri Abdullah \u00d6calan, Kenya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Nairobi’de, M\u0130T ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ortak operasyonuyla k\u0131sk\u0131vrak yakalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 PKK militanlar\u0131, Berlin’de Yunanistan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu’nu i\u015fgal etti. PKK militanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ba\u015fka bir grup Hamburg Yunan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplanarak binaya girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar fakat \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131nca binan\u0131n camlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015flayan PKK’l\u0131lar, daha sonra T\u00fcrk Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu’na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. PKK militanlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda Bonn\u2019da Kenya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi, D\u00fcsseldorf\u2019da Yunan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu, K\u00f6ln Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu ve Frankfurt Ba\u015fkonsolosluklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. T\u00fcrkiye’den ka\u00e7arak m\u00fclteci olarak Almanya\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan PKK yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini hafife alan hatta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman alttan alta \u00e7e\u015fitli destekler vererek y\u00fcreklendiren Almanya h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, ter\u00f6rist ba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131nda sonra Yunanistan el\u00e7iliklerine yap\u0131lan bask\u0131nlar g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fclkesinde ki tehlikenin boyutunu ancak kavrayabildi. Bu olaylara kadar T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikleri ve konsolosluklar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 b\u00fcrolar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Bankalar\u0131, T\u00fcrklere ait i\u015fyerlerini hedef alan PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131na\u00a0 “bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylemci” muamelesi yapan h\u00fck\u00fcmetler kanl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bilinmezlikten gelinen y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rerek kavram\u0131\u015f oldular. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ile birlikte Almanya, ter\u00f6rist ba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n idam edilmemesi i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7e\u015fitli bahanelerle ziyarette bulundular. Ve bu ziyaretler bebek katilinin idam edilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden sonu\u00e7 verdi. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131 kanl\u0131 y\u00fczlerini unutturmak i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nceleri Almanya\u2019da de\u015fifre olmu\u015f bir\u00e7ok derne\u011fi kapatm\u0131\u015f izlenimi verip yeni adres ve isimlerle tekrar \u00f6rg\u00fctle\u015fme faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Her ne kadar Almanya PKK\u2019y\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc listesine alsa da pek de\u011fi\u015fen bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc bir \u00e7ok tv, radyo ve gazete ile propaganda yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, dernekler \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fcte maddi kaynak sa\u011flamaya devam etmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye bu geli\u015fmeleri s\u00fcrekli takip etmi\u015f ve Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin bu faaliyetlere son vermesi i\u00e7in hem uluslar aras\u0131 devletler hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokmu\u015f hem de ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle bask\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hakl\u0131 talebini dikkate alan Almanya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19 Haziran 2008 tarihinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK’n\u0131n yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan Roj TV’nin Almanya’da herhangi bir faaliyette bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklad\u0131. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin son d\u00f6nemde PKK\u2019nin derneklerine y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131 bahane g\u00f6steren bir grup PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6rist,10 Temmuz 2008 \u2018de A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131na t\u0131rmanan 13 ki\u015filik Alman turist grubundan 3 ki\u015fiyi ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin amans\u0131z takibi sonucu k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK mensuplar\u0131, Alman turistleri serbest b\u0131rakmak zorunda kald\u0131. Bu olay her ne kadar PKK\u2019n\u0131n Almanya\u2019y\u0131 tehdit etme eylemi gibi g\u00fcndemde yerini alm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u00f6rg\u00fct yanda\u015flar\u0131na anlam ifade eder d\u00fczeyde yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya, 27 May\u0131s ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbeleri sonucu K\u00fcrt siyasi g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fclkelerine gelmesi ile ba\u015flayan tedirginlik her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn biraz daha \u00fcst seviyelere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f lakin tedbir almakta hayli ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar PKK sorununu sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir i\u00e7 meselesi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve bu mesele \u00fczerine pek fazla d\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015flerdir. Takvim yapraklar\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti PKK sorununu k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019. Almanya taraf\u0131ndan son derece olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve destek vermi\u015ftir. 23 Mart 2013\u2019e \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn lider kadrosunda bulunan\u00a0Murat Karay\u0131lan \u201cResm\u00ee ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ate\u015fkes ilan ediyoruz\u201d demesinden sonra 3 Nisan 2013\u2019de Abdullah\u00a0\u00d6calan PKK\u2019ye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma talimat\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mektup g\u00f6nderdi. 8 May\u0131s 2013\u2019de \u00a0PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6ristler kademeli olarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 9 Eyl\u00fcl 2013 tarihinde geri \u00e7ekilmenin durduruldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcreci \u00e7\u0131kmaza girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, s\u00fcrecin neticesinde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn silah b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beklentiler azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20 Temmuz 2015’te\u00a0\u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/a>\u00a0ilinin\u00a0Suru\u00e7<\/a>\u00a0\u0130l\u00e7e\u2019sinde d\u00fczenlenen bombal\u0131\u00a0intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/a>nda 34 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc, 100’den fazla ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131. \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra yani 22 Temmuz 2015 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0\u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/a>‘n\u0131n\u00a0Ceylanp\u0131nar<\/a>\u00a0il\u00e7esinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 2 polisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrmekte olan\u00a0\u00a0\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019nin<\/a>\u00a0sona erdirilme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019nin devam etmesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler taraflar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri takip eden Alman ordusu, di\u011fer taraftan ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc DEA\u015e’a kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan koalisyonun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak pe\u015fmerge g\u00fc\u00e7lerini e\u011fitmeye devam ediyor. Eyl\u00fcl 2014’ten beri Alman ordusu, pe\u015fmergeye 90 milyon Euro de\u011ferinde 32 bin silah verdi. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n pe\u015fmergeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da silah\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK\u2019n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi haberleri Alman bas\u0131n\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f lakin h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri haberi yalanlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 2011\u2019de ba\u015flayan Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda Esed rejimi, DEA\u015e, PYD\/PKK ittifak\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hedef haline getirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 24 A\u011fustos 2016, T\u00fcrkiye, g\u00fcneyindeki ter\u00f6r tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cF\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131\u201d operasyonunu ba\u015flatt\u0131. 24 \u015eubat 2017’de T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri destekli \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu,\u00a0El-Bab<\/a>‘\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen DEA\u015e\u2019 tan alarak son noktay\u0131 koydu. F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harekat\u2019\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Ordusuna \u00f6vg\u00fc ya\u011fd\u0131ran Almanya T\u00fcrkiye’nin ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak amac\u0131 ile\u00a0BM s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 51. Maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0Suriye’nin Afrin b\u00f6lgesindeki PKK\/PYD\/YPG ve DEA\u015e\u00a0hedeflerine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harekat\u0131\u2019nda sessizli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, \u00fclkesinde aktif bulunan FET\u00d6 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131, adeta PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn emrine verilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli FET\u00d6 a\u011fz\u0131, PKK kalemi ile ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip ERDO\u011eAN\u2019\u0131, me\u015fru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiriler yazmakla birlikte \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkler, Afrin\u2019de K\u00fcrtleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u2019\u2019 yalan haberlerini yaparak Almanya\u2019da, Avrupa\u2019da ve d\u00fcnya genelinde bu kara propaganday\u0131 yayma giri\u015fiminde bulundular. Bu kara propagandaya destek Almanya taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok gecikmeden geldi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harek\u00e2t\u0131 destekleyen Almanya, PKK’ya y\u00f6nelik operasyonlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Almanya Savunma Bakan\u0131 Von der Leyen, ‘Bild am Sonntag’ gazetesindeki demecinde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye’nin I\u015e\u0130D’e kar\u015f\u0131 kendini savunma hakk\u0131 ne kadar do\u011fruysa, PKK’yla bar\u0131\u015f yolu da o kadar \u00f6nemli” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015f, Almanya’n\u0131n I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktararak \u201cPKK’ya operasyonlardan endi\u015feliyiz” mesaj\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Alman Parlamentosu\u2019nda Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bundestag\u2019da temsil edilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fdan sola kadar t\u00fcm siyasi partiler, hedef T\u00fcrkiye olunca hemencik birle\u015ftiler. A\u011f\u0131z birli\u011fi etmi\u015f gibi Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 devletleraras\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak nitelediler. Sol Parti Meclis\u2019te PKK renklerinden olu\u015fan \u015fallarla g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131. Sol Parti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Katja Kipping ve milletvekilleri boyunlar\u0131na sar\u0131-ye\u015fil-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015fallar takt\u0131. Meclis\u2019te bu tarz giyim g\u00f6steri anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen oturumu a\u00e7an Meclis Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Ye\u015filler \u00fcyesi Claudia Roth, \u015fallar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131. Sol Parti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Katja Kipping, YPG\u2019yi ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc DEA\u015e\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kale olarak niteledi. PKK destek\u00e7isi Katja Kipping i bununla yetinmeyerek konu\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin Afrin Harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu operasyonu k\u0131nayan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmamas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6sterdi. Kipping, konu\u015fmas\u0131nda PKK yalanlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ederek \u201cT\u00fcrk ordusu Afrin\u2019deki sivil halk\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, ama Ba\u015fbakan Angela Merkel da susuyor\u201d dedi. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetine seslenerek, \u201cSizin suskunlu\u011funuz, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6kmektir. Bu suskunlu\u011fa son verin\u201d diyen Sol Partili politikac\u0131, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ile planlanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fini durdurun\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. Alman parlamentosunda yap\u0131lan bu konu\u015fmalardan cesaret alan PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yanda\u015flar\u0131 ve Almanya Demokratik K\u00fcrt Toplumu Merkezi (NAV-DEM) T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine \u00e7ok \u00e7irkin pankartlar ile\u00a0 Almanya<\/a>‘n\u0131n\u00a0K\u00f6ln<\/a>\u00a0kenti Ebert Meydan\u0131’nda,\u00a0 Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019n\u0131 protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde bulundular. G\u00f6steride ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0YPG<\/a>\/PKK \u00a0bayraklar\u0131 bebek katili PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eleba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n posterlerine izin verildi.<\/p>\n

Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019nda PKK\/YPG ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine kalkan olan ve harek\u00e2ta tepkiler g\u00f6steren Almanya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131 Harekat\u0131’na benzer tepkiler verdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in (BM) ilgili mevzuat\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuktan kaynaklanan “me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa hakk\u0131” \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, sadece ter\u00f6ristlerin hedef al\u0131narak icra etti\u011fi Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019na Almanya<\/a>\u00a0D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u00a0Heiko Maas<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>‘nin\u00a0Suriye<\/a>‘nin kuzeydo\u011fusuna yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri harek\u00e2t ile ilgili Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tutumunun herkes\u00e7e bilindi\u011fini ve harek\u00e2t\u0131n devam etmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Di\u011fer bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada Almanya’da koalisyon orta\u011f\u0131 Sosyal Demokrat Parti’nin (SPD) Meclis Grup Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rolf M\u00fctzenich, Suriye’nin kuzeydo\u011fusuna y\u00f6nelik askeri harek\u00e2t nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin NATO \u00fcyeli\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. ([10]<\/a>) T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan aranan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin ter\u00f6rist Almanya\u2019da ve iade edilmiyor. Alman istihbarat\u0131n\u0131n resmi istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019da 14 bin PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6rist ya\u015f\u0131yor. Almanya sadece Can D\u00fcndar\u2019a de\u011fil t\u00fcm FET\u00d6 ter\u00f6ristlerine de kucak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f durumda. Almanya 15 Temmuz FET\u00d6 darbesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye destek vermedi\u011fi gibi ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te FET\u00d6 mensubu y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi ve \u00fcst r\u00fctbeli askerlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Darbenin sivil \u201cimam\u0131\u201d Adil \u00d6ks\u00fcz adl\u0131 ter\u00f6ristin Almanya\u2019da oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131nda kendilerine iletilmesine ra\u011fmen \u00d6ks\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6stermelik bir arama ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.\u00a0PKK ve FET\u00d6 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019y\u0131 ortak yerle\u015fim yerleri olarak g\u00f6rmelerinin rastlant\u0131 olamaz. Almanya ve PKK\/FET\u00d6 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00d6zellikle 15 Temmuz FET\u00d6 darbesi sonras\u0131 Almanya medya organlar\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 hedef al\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok gazete ve dergi \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkler K\u00fcrtleri Katlediyor\u2019\u2019, \u201cSultan Erdo\u011fan\u201d, \u201cDiktat\u00f6r Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u2019 gibi benzetmelerle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tehlikeli olan bir di\u011fer husus ise Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, PKK yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015flara ait i\u015fyerlerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisiz kalmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Sergilenen bu tutum PKK’l\u0131lar\u0131n bir sonraki ba\u015fkaca bir eylemsel faaliyetleri yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in cesaretlendirmektedir. Almanya ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK’n\u0131n g\u00f6steri, eylem, ter\u00f6r propagandas\u0131, dernek kurma, medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kurma, hara\u00e7 toplama ve militan yeti\u015ftirme gibi faaliyetlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda g\u00f6z yummas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphesiz birden \u00e7ok sebep var. Ancak bunlar i\u00e7erisinde en \u00f6nemlisi Almanya PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye, Irak, Suriye ve \u0130ran genelinde hamisi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcp, olas\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc bu \u00fclkelerin i\u00e7i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale etme arac\u0131 olarak kullanma plan\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6ristlerin Almanya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6sterirken rahat hareket etmesinin bir di\u011fer sebebi ise \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Alman kurumlar\u0131na ve g\u00fcvenlik birimlerine y\u00f6nelik her hangi bir eylem yapmamas\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor. Ayn\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Irak, \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok eylemsel faaliyet yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Almanya\u2019da olmamas\u0131 bu ili\u015fkinin boyutunu net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir sebep ise Almanya\u2019da bulunan bir milyondan fazla K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Alman y\u00f6netimi PKK\u2019yi d\u00f6nemsel olarak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olsa da arka plan\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin temsilcisi gibi g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00d6MER YILMAZ, ALMANYA\u2019NIN K\u00dcRT VE PKK POLITIKASI<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independentturkish.com\/node\/97896\/t%C3%BCrkiyeden-sesler\/k%C3%BCrt-meselesinin-almanya%E2%80%99ya-ta%C5%9F%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1-s%C3%BCreci-1<\/a> Ayd\u0131n Enes Seydanl\u0131o\u011flu\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0130nat, \u201cAlmanya\u2019n\u0131n PKK ve K\u00fcrt Politikas\u0131,\u201d s. 39.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Eva Ostergaard-Nielsen, Transnational Politics, Turks and Kurds in Germany, London, Routledge, 2003, s. 98; K\u00fcrt sorunu Alman Bundestag\u2019da o kadar \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftur ki, d\u00f6nemin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili Devlet Bakan\u0131 Helmut Sch\u00e4fer \u015f\u00f6yle bir yorum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:\u201cBu Parlamentodaki uzun d\u00f6nemli hizmetim sayesinde ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Devlet Bakan\u0131 olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim ki Alman Bundestag\u2019da istatistiki olarak K\u00fcrtler kadar yo\u011fun ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir halk (Volksgruppe) olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0 https:\/\/www.independentturkish.com\/node\/97896\/t%C3%BCrkiyeden-sesler\/k%C3%BCrt-meselesinin-almanya%E2%80%99ya-ta%C5%9F%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1-s%C3%BCreci-1<\/a> Ayd\u0131n Enes Seydanl\u0131o\u011flu\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k raporlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Resmi Web Sitesi, https:\/\/www.verfassungsschutz.de…, Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 2014 Raporu, Alman \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s. 129, https:\/\/www.verfassungsschutz.de…<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Claus Hofhansel, Commercial Competition and National Security: Comparing U.S. and German Export Control Policies, Westport, Praeger, 1996, s. 127.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u201cBonn Setzt Waffenlieferungen an NATO-Artner T\u00fcrkei Aus,\u201d Zeitung f\u00fcr Darmstadt, 15 Nisan 1994, No 67, http:\/\/www.zfd-online.net\/Bilder\/<\/a> A67.pdf.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/pkk.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/tr\/m%C3%BCtzenich-t%C3%BCrkiyenin-nato-%C3%BCyeli%C4%9Fi-sorgulanmal%C4%B1\/a-50980606<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin PKK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu amans\u0131z operasyonlar neticesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe alan \u00f6rg\u00fct Almanya\u2019da bulunan yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 harek\u00e2ta ge\u00e7irerek T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 lobi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6rg\u00fcte ait dernek, kurulu\u015f ve yanda\u015f medyan\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile Bundestag B\u00fct\u00e7e Komitesi 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lacak askeri yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak bloke etmi\u015ftir. Helmut Kohl h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu silahlar\u0131 kendi halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 NATO Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131\u201d yalan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Mart 1992 tarihinde PKK ile m\u00fccadelenin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde insan haklar\u0131 ihlali gerek\u00e7esiyle T\u00fcrkiye’ye silah satmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. 1993 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyetlerine kulak t\u0131kay\u0131p, g\u00f6z yuman Almanya, PKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin diplomatik temsilciliklerine ve T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerlerine s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi ard\u0131ndan 26 Kas\u0131m 1993 tarihinde PKK ile birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019daki siyasi organizasyonu olan ERNK (K\u00fcrdistan Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi) yasakland\u0131. Al\u0131nan yasaklama karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131 isimlerdeki dernekler veya yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda faaliyetlerini bug\u00fcne denk s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. Almanya PKK\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli finans ve insan kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntemlerle PKK sempatizanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan toplanan milyonlarca avro \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye ve Kandil\u2019deki y\u00f6neticilerine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alman i\u00e7 istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (FAKT, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Verfassungsschutz) raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019daki PKK \u00fcyelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 1993\u2019te 7 bin civar\u0131ndayken bu say\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 bin olmu\u015ftur. ([1]<\/a>) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Almanya taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan z\u0131rhl\u0131 personel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer Alman silahlar\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleri 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda medyada yer almaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca benzer bir tart\u0131\u015fma yeniden alevlenmi\u015ftir. ([2]<\/a>) Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar Almanya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 8 Nisan 1994 tarihinde bir kez daha ask\u0131ya almas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.([3]<\/a>) 1995\u2019te Alman resmi makamlar\u0131 ile PKK aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen temaslar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri Berlin senat\u00f6r\u00fc CDU\u2019lu siyaset\u00e7i Heinrich Lummer\u2019in \u015eam\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fct eleba\u015f\u0131 Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonras\u0131 PKK, Almanya\u2019da \u015fiddet eylemlerine son verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. 13 Ocak 1998\u2019de Alman Federal Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun s\u00fcredir ter\u00f6r eyleminde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kategorisinden \u00e7\u0131kararak sadece bir su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi de PKK\u2019y\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0([4]<\/a>) Bu tan\u0131mlamadan sonra Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yeniden ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. PKK lideri Abdullah \u00d6calan, Kenya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Nairobi’de, M\u0130T ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ortak operasyonuyla k\u0131sk\u0131vrak yakalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 PKK militanlar\u0131, Berlin’de Yunanistan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu’nu i\u015fgal etti. PKK militanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ba\u015fka bir grup Hamburg Yunan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplanarak binaya girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar fakat \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131nca binan\u0131n camlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015flayan PKK’l\u0131lar, daha sonra T\u00fcrk Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu’na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. PKK militanlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda Bonn\u2019da Kenya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi, D\u00fcsseldorf\u2019da Yunan Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu, K\u00f6ln Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu ve Frankfurt Ba\u015fkonsolosluklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. T\u00fcrkiye’den ka\u00e7arak m\u00fclteci olarak Almanya\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan PKK yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini hafife alan hatta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman alttan alta \u00e7e\u015fitli destekler vererek y\u00fcreklendiren Almanya h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, ter\u00f6rist ba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131nda sonra Yunanistan el\u00e7iliklerine yap\u0131lan bask\u0131nlar g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fclkesinde ki tehlikenin boyutunu ancak kavrayabildi. Bu olaylara kadar T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikleri ve konsolosluklar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 b\u00fcrolar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Bankalar\u0131, T\u00fcrklere ait i\u015fyerlerini hedef alan PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131na\u00a0 “bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylemci” muamelesi yapan h\u00fck\u00fcmetler kanl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bilinmezlikten gelinen y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rerek kavram\u0131\u015f oldular. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ile birlikte Almanya, ter\u00f6rist ba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n idam edilmemesi i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7e\u015fitli bahanelerle ziyarette bulundular. Ve bu ziyaretler bebek katilinin idam edilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden sonu\u00e7 verdi. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131 kanl\u0131 y\u00fczlerini unutturmak i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nceleri Almanya\u2019da de\u015fifre olmu\u015f bir\u00e7ok derne\u011fi kapatm\u0131\u015f izlenimi verip yeni adres ve isimlerle tekrar \u00f6rg\u00fctle\u015fme faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Her ne kadar Almanya PKK\u2019y\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc listesine alsa da pek de\u011fi\u015fen bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc bir \u00e7ok tv, radyo ve gazete ile propaganda yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, dernekler \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fcte maddi kaynak sa\u011flamaya devam etmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye bu geli\u015fmeleri s\u00fcrekli takip etmi\u015f ve Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin bu faaliyetlere son vermesi i\u00e7in hem uluslar aras\u0131 devletler hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokmu\u015f hem de ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle bask\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hakl\u0131 talebini dikkate alan Almanya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19 Haziran 2008 tarihinde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK’n\u0131n yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan Roj TV’nin Almanya’da herhangi bir faaliyette bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklad\u0131. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin son d\u00f6nemde PKK\u2019nin derneklerine y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131 bahane g\u00f6steren bir grup PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6rist,10 Temmuz 2008 \u2018de A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131na t\u0131rmanan 13 ki\u015filik Alman turist grubundan 3 ki\u015fiyi ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin amans\u0131z takibi sonucu k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK mensuplar\u0131, Alman turistleri serbest b\u0131rakmak zorunda kald\u0131. Bu olay her ne kadar PKK\u2019n\u0131n Almanya\u2019y\u0131 tehdit etme eylemi gibi g\u00fcndemde yerini alm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u00f6rg\u00fct yanda\u015flar\u0131na anlam ifade eder d\u00fczeyde yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya, 27 May\u0131s ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbeleri sonucu K\u00fcrt siyasi g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fclkelerine gelmesi ile ba\u015flayan tedirginlik her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn biraz daha \u00fcst seviyelere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f lakin tedbir almakta hayli ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar PKK sorununu sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir i\u00e7 meselesi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve bu mesele \u00fczerine pek fazla d\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015flerdir. Takvim yapraklar\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti PKK sorununu k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019. Almanya taraf\u0131ndan son derece olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve destek vermi\u015ftir. 23 Mart 2013\u2019e \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn lider kadrosunda bulunan\u00a0Murat Karay\u0131lan \u201cResm\u00ee ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ate\u015fkes ilan ediyoruz\u201d demesinden sonra 3 Nisan 2013\u2019de Abdullah\u00a0\u00d6calan PKK\u2019ye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma talimat\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mektup g\u00f6nderdi. 8 May\u0131s 2013\u2019de \u00a0PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6ristler kademeli olarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 9 Eyl\u00fcl 2013 tarihinde geri \u00e7ekilmenin durduruldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcreci \u00e7\u0131kmaza girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, s\u00fcrecin neticesinde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn silah b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beklentiler azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20 Temmuz 2015’te\u00a0\u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/a>\u00a0ilinin\u00a0Suru\u00e7<\/a>\u00a0\u0130l\u00e7e\u2019sinde d\u00fczenlenen bombal\u0131\u00a0intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/a>nda 34 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc, 100’den fazla ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131. \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra yani 22 Temmuz 2015 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0\u015eanl\u0131urfa<\/a>‘n\u0131n\u00a0Ceylanp\u0131nar<\/a>\u00a0il\u00e7esinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 2 polisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrmekte olan\u00a0\u00a0\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019nin<\/a>\u00a0sona erdirilme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm S\u00fcreci\u2019nin devam etmesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler taraflar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri takip eden Alman ordusu, di\u011fer taraftan ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc DEA\u015e’a kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan koalisyonun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak pe\u015fmerge g\u00fc\u00e7lerini e\u011fitmeye devam ediyor. Eyl\u00fcl 2014’ten beri Alman ordusu, pe\u015fmergeye 90 milyon Euro de\u011ferinde 32 bin silah verdi. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n pe\u015fmergeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da silah\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK\u2019n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi haberleri Alman bas\u0131n\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f lakin h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri haberi yalanlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 2011\u2019de ba\u015flayan Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda Esed rejimi, DEA\u015e, PYD\/PKK ittifak\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hedef haline getirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 24 A\u011fustos 2016, T\u00fcrkiye, g\u00fcneyindeki ter\u00f6r tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cF\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131\u201d operasyonunu ba\u015flatt\u0131. 24 \u015eubat 2017’de T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri destekli \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu,\u00a0El-Bab<\/a>‘\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen DEA\u015e\u2019 tan alarak son noktay\u0131 koydu. F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harekat\u2019\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Ordusuna \u00f6vg\u00fc ya\u011fd\u0131ran Almanya T\u00fcrkiye’nin ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak amac\u0131 ile\u00a0BM s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 51. Maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0Suriye’nin Afrin b\u00f6lgesindeki PKK\/PYD\/YPG ve DEA\u015e\u00a0hedeflerine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harekat\u0131\u2019nda sessizli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, \u00fclkesinde aktif bulunan FET\u00d6 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131, adeta PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn emrine verilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli FET\u00d6 a\u011fz\u0131, PKK kalemi ile ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip ERDO\u011eAN\u2019\u0131, me\u015fru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftiriler yazmakla birlikte \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkler, Afrin\u2019de K\u00fcrtleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u2019\u2019 yalan haberlerini yaparak Almanya\u2019da, Avrupa\u2019da ve d\u00fcnya genelinde bu kara propaganday\u0131 yayma giri\u015fiminde bulundular. Bu kara propagandaya destek Almanya taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok gecikmeden geldi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harek\u00e2t\u0131 destekleyen Almanya, PKK’ya y\u00f6nelik operasyonlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Almanya Savunma Bakan\u0131 Von der Leyen, ‘Bild am Sonntag’ gazetesindeki demecinde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye’nin I\u015e\u0130D’e kar\u015f\u0131 kendini savunma hakk\u0131 ne kadar do\u011fruysa, PKK’yla bar\u0131\u015f yolu da o kadar \u00f6nemli” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015f, Almanya’n\u0131n I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktararak \u201cPKK’ya operasyonlardan endi\u015feliyiz” mesaj\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Alman Parlamentosu\u2019nda Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bundestag\u2019da temsil edilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fdan sola kadar t\u00fcm siyasi partiler, hedef T\u00fcrkiye olunca hemencik birle\u015ftiler. A\u011f\u0131z birli\u011fi etmi\u015f gibi Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 devletleraras\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak nitelediler. Sol Parti Meclis\u2019te PKK renklerinden olu\u015fan \u015fallarla g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131. Sol Parti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Katja Kipping ve milletvekilleri boyunlar\u0131na sar\u0131-ye\u015fil-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015fallar takt\u0131. Meclis\u2019te bu tarz giyim g\u00f6steri anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen oturumu a\u00e7an Meclis Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Ye\u015filler \u00fcyesi Claudia Roth, \u015fallar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131. Sol Parti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Katja Kipping, YPG\u2019yi ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc DEA\u015e\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kale olarak niteledi. PKK destek\u00e7isi Katja Kipping i bununla yetinmeyerek konu\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin Afrin Harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu operasyonu k\u0131nayan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmamas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6sterdi. Kipping, konu\u015fmas\u0131nda PKK yalanlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ederek \u201cT\u00fcrk ordusu Afrin\u2019deki sivil halk\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, ama Ba\u015fbakan Angela Merkel da susuyor\u201d dedi. Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetine seslenerek, \u201cSizin suskunlu\u011funuz, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6kmektir. Bu suskunlu\u011fa son verin\u201d diyen Sol Partili politikac\u0131, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ile planlanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fini durdurun\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. Alman parlamentosunda yap\u0131lan bu konu\u015fmalardan cesaret alan PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yanda\u015flar\u0131 ve Almanya Demokratik K\u00fcrt Toplumu Merkezi (NAV-DEM) T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine \u00e7ok \u00e7irkin pankartlar ile\u00a0 Almanya<\/a>‘n\u0131n\u00a0K\u00f6ln<\/a>\u00a0kenti Ebert Meydan\u0131’nda,\u00a0 Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019n\u0131 protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde bulundular. G\u00f6steride ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0YPG<\/a>\/PKK \u00a0bayraklar\u0131 bebek katili PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc eleba\u015f\u0131 \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n posterlerine izin verildi.<\/p>\n

Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019nda PKK\/YPG ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine kalkan olan ve harek\u00e2ta tepkiler g\u00f6steren Almanya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131 Harekat\u0131’na benzer tepkiler verdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in (BM) ilgili mevzuat\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuktan kaynaklanan “me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa hakk\u0131” \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, sadece ter\u00f6ristlerin hedef al\u0131narak icra etti\u011fi Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019na Almanya<\/a>\u00a0D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u00a0Heiko Maas<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>‘nin\u00a0Suriye<\/a>‘nin kuzeydo\u011fusuna yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri harek\u00e2t ile ilgili Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tutumunun herkes\u00e7e bilindi\u011fini ve harek\u00e2t\u0131n devam etmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Di\u011fer bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada Almanya’da koalisyon orta\u011f\u0131 Sosyal Demokrat Parti’nin (SPD) Meclis Grup Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rolf M\u00fctzenich, Suriye’nin kuzeydo\u011fusuna y\u00f6nelik askeri harek\u00e2t nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin NATO \u00fcyeli\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. ([5]<\/a>) T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan aranan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin ter\u00f6rist Almanya\u2019da ve iade edilmiyor. Alman istihbarat\u0131n\u0131n resmi istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019da 14 bin PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6rist ya\u015f\u0131yor. Almanya sadece Can D\u00fcndar\u2019a de\u011fil t\u00fcm FET\u00d6 ter\u00f6ristlerine de kucak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f durumda. Almanya 15 Temmuz FET\u00d6 darbesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye destek vermedi\u011fi gibi ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te FET\u00d6 mensubu y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi ve \u00fcst r\u00fctbeli askerlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Darbenin sivil \u201cimam\u0131\u201d Adil \u00d6ks\u00fcz adl\u0131 ter\u00f6ristin Almanya\u2019da oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131nda kendilerine iletilmesine ra\u011fmen \u00d6ks\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6stermelik bir arama ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.\u00a0PKK ve FET\u00d6 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019y\u0131 ortak yerle\u015fim yerleri olarak g\u00f6rmelerinin rastlant\u0131 olamaz. Almanya ve PKK\/FET\u00d6 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00d6zellikle 15 Temmuz FET\u00d6 darbesi sonras\u0131 Almanya medya organlar\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 hedef al\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok gazete ve dergi \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkler K\u00fcrtleri Katlediyor\u2019\u2019, \u201cSultan Erdo\u011fan\u201d, \u201cDiktat\u00f6r Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u2019 gibi benzetmelerle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tehlikeli olan bir di\u011fer husus ise Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, PKK yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015flara ait i\u015fyerlerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisiz kalmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Sergilenen bu tutum PKK’l\u0131lar\u0131n bir sonraki ba\u015fkaca bir eylemsel faaliyetleri yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in cesaretlendirmektedir. Almanya ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc PKK’n\u0131n g\u00f6steri, eylem, ter\u00f6r propagandas\u0131, dernek kurma, medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kurma, hara\u00e7 toplama ve militan yeti\u015ftirme gibi faaliyetlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda g\u00f6z yummas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphesiz birden \u00e7ok sebep var. Ancak bunlar i\u00e7erisinde en \u00f6nemlisi Almanya PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye, Irak, Suriye ve \u0130ran genelinde hamisi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcp, olas\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc bu \u00fclkelerin i\u00e7i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale etme arac\u0131 olarak kullanma plan\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. PKK\u2019l\u0131 ter\u00f6ristlerin Almanya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6sterirken rahat hareket etmesinin bir di\u011fer sebebi ise \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn Alman kurumlar\u0131na ve g\u00fcvenlik birimlerine y\u00f6nelik her hangi bir eylem yapmamas\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor. Ayn\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Irak, \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok eylemsel faaliyet yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Almanya\u2019da olmamas\u0131 bu ili\u015fkinin boyutunu net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir sebep ise Almanya\u2019da bulunan bir milyondan fazla K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Alman y\u00f6netimi PKK\u2019yi d\u00f6nemsel olarak ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gibi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olsa da arka plan\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin temsilcisi gibi g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k raporlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Resmi Web Sitesi, https:\/\/www.verfassungsschutz.de…, Federal Anayasay\u0131 Koruma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 2014 Raporu, Alman \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s. 129, https:\/\/www.verfassungsschutz.de…<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Claus Hofhansel, Commercial Competition and National Security: Comparing U.S. and German Export Control Policies, Westport, Praeger, 1996, s. 127.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u201cBonn Setzt Waffenlieferungen an NATO-Artner T\u00fcrkei Aus,\u201d Zeitung f\u00fcr Darmstadt, 15 Nisan 1994, No 67, http:\/\/www.zfd-online.net\/Bilder\/<\/a> A67.pdf.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/pkk.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/tr\/m%C3%BCtzenich-t%C3%BCrkiyenin-nato-%C3%BCyeli%C4%9Fi-sorgulanmal%C4%B1\/a-50980606<\/a><\/p>\n

Dr. \u0130mbat MU\u011eLU<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n PKK Kart\u0131 \u00a0 D\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en ac\u0131 ve en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 olan II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 bitti\u011finde tahmini 55 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Kanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ilk fitilini ate\u015fleyen ba\u015f akt\u00f6r Almanya\u2019n\u0131n 6 milyondan fazla vatanda\u015f\u0131 bu sava\u015fta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lan Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mezarl\u0131\u011fa ve viraneye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":3407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[71],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3405"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3405"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3409,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3405\/revisions\/3409"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vizyon2023.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}